With an allergy, a distortion of immune reactions occurs in the body, which causes it to produce antibodies against harmless substances from the external environment, including food. A diet for allergies helps to reduce the tension of immunity in the presence of disorders in its work (autoimmune diseases, etc. ) or if it has not yet been formed (in infants).The article provides a list of hypoallergenic foods, a list of foods that should not be consumed, nutritional recommendations for nursing mothers.
Hypoallergenic products
The food is foreign to the body in terms of its DNA structure, but this usually does not cause reactions. Even with a sufficient amount of enzymes, some protein molecules do not undergo complete fermentation to amino acids and can be absorbed into the blood unchanged, causing allergies. An allergic diet consists of such products. These are vegetables, grains, and fruits that grow in the human region, do not have a bright red color, and do not contain many of the proteins and immune agents of the animals from which they are derived.
When it comes to food allergies, remember thisyou cannot eat these foods:
Coffee, cocoa, chocolate.The reaction to these products is accompanied by a cross-allergy to legumes. These are usually caused by the caffeine and theobromine in these products.
Semi-finished products, smoked products.They contain preservatives, food additives that cause both true and pseudo-allergic reactions. Many carcinogens are formed when smoking.
mushrooms.Rich in protein and difficult to ferment, they contain chitin and glucans in the cell wall.
Legumes(peas, beans, peanuts, lentils) - are known as a rich source of plant proteins that serve as allergens.
Milk.In addition to the casein protein, milk contains antibodies to create passive immunity in the young of the animals from which it was obtained (cows, goats, etc. ).
eggs.They contain albumin protein and other nutrients necessary for the development of the bird embryo and can cause a reaction.
Fish and seafood.The presence of protein M-antigen, resistant to heat treatment, was found in them.
Cross allergy(vegetables and fruits). If the patient is allergic to pollen, then reactions occur to fruits and vegetables that have similar pollen in structure or belong to the same genus (poplar, willow, apples). When you're reacting to pollen, it's easier to determine exactly which foods to eliminate.
meat.It contains a lot of protein, but usually due to denaturation during its preparation, the ability to sensitize is greatly reduced.
Cereals,especially wheat. They contain gluten, albumin and gliadin.
Pseudoallergic reactions and some hypervitaminoses have manifestations similar to allergies. The main difference is the appearance of symptoms at the first entry of foreign peptides into the body and the dependence of the severity of the deterioration of the patient's condition on the amount of food eaten. Such reactions occur with fruits and vegetables that are bright red, sometimes orange (tomatoes, pomegranates, citrus fruits, strawberries).
What to eat - food list
Hypoallergenicdiet requires the elimination of first-order allergens(exotic fruits and vegetables, strawberries, cocoa, mushrooms, peanuts, nuts, coffee, honey, seafood, eggs, fish and milk and its derivatives - dry milk and cheeses) andmoderate consumption of secondary allergens(cereal crops - wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat; legumes; potatoes; black currants; cranberries; apricots; cranberries; fatty meats with rich broths from them; herbal tinctures).
The following types of food are permitted:
Pure meat;
food partially fermented during cooking;
products specific to the place of residence;
white and green vegetables;
entrails;
cereals.
Purchase list
Hypoallergenic productsallowed to eat:
Cereals: semolina, rice, as well as oats and pearl barley.
Sour-milk low-fat products without additives, homemade better: cottage cheese (9%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk.
Meat: lean beef, turkey, pork.
Offal (beef, pork): liver, tongue, kidneys.
Cod and sea bass.
Buckwheat, rice or corn bread.
Oil: butter, sunflower, olive oil.
Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, cauliflower.
Rutabagas, pumpkin, zucchini, turnips.
Broccoli, lettuce, spinach, herbs.
Green apples, pears, white currants and cherries, gooseberries.
Apple and pear compote (also dried), rosehip broth, lightly brewed tea.
Still mineral water.
Diet and nutrition in case of allergies
Food for allergies in children and adults is prescribed in the form of medical tables. The product list and menus areaccording to dietary tables number 5 and number 9.
In children
The anti-allergic diet in children requires the simultaneous exclusion of products that potentiate the reaction and the preparation of a diet that spares the digestive organs (in children, gastrointestinal dysfunction often occurs due to too heavy food, due to the immaturity of the liver and a smaller amount of enzymes thanin adults). It is necessary to use hypoallergenic products with low fat content with sufficient carbohydrate consumption. For thatappropriate medical table number 5, with the exception of dietary immune irritants.
Table number 5
It is also used for gastrointestinal dysfunction, liver and gall bladder diseases.
Nutrients:
Proteins - 80-90 g / day (in the ratio of animal and vegetable protein 3: 2);
fats - 70-75 g / day (¼ - for vegetable oils);
carbohydrates - 360 g / day (equivalent to 80-90 g of sugar);
water - 2-2. 5 l/day;
calories - 2400 kcal / day.
Recommended products:
Bread products:dried, from bran flour and flour of the 1st grade, yesterday's bread, first-class, lean biscuits.
It is impossible: fresh pastries, muffin.Soups.Vegetable soups with zucchini, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin; milk soups with milk diluted with water (1: 1); with hard-boiled cereals (semolina, oatmeal, rice). For dressing - butter, cream, flour.
It is impossible: meat, fish, bean and mushroom broths.meat.Lean species: rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef, pork; boiled without skin and live. The meat is steamed in the form of minced meat or a whole piece (chicken).
It is impossible: brain, kidneys, smoked and sausage products, fried and boiled meat in pieces, fatty poultry (duck, goose) and meat (pork, beef).Fish.Low-fat varieties, mostly freshwater. Boiled or steamed, in the form of cutlets and whole piece.
It is impossible: fried, battered, fatty varieties; salted, stewed, preserved; caviar.Dairy products.Low-fat dairy products: fresh cottage cheese (5-9%), sour cream (15%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk (2. 5%). Milk diluted with water for soups, cereals.
It is impossible: fatty cottage cheese, sour cream, cream; processed and hard cheese; whole milk and dry milk.eggs.0. 5-1 piece / day; steamed and boiled.
It is impossible: more than 1 egg per day, other dishes.Cereals.On water, milk with water (1: 1) - rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat (limited), vermicelli, semolina and rice souffle, buckwheat and rice flour.
Not allowed: legumes, millet.Vegetables.Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts, spinach, squash, broccoli, zucchini, squash, cooked or stewed squash, cucumbers.
It is impossible: white cabbage, onions, pickled vegetables, canned goods, pickles, beets, radishes, radishes, turnips, sorrel, garlic, tomatoes, mushrooms, legumes.Fruits, sweets.Green apples, gooseberries, limited - apricots, white cherries and currants, pears in raw, pureed, cooked form; as part of jelly, mousse, jelly.
Not allowed: sour fruits, exotic fruits, bright red fruits, creams, chocolate, ice cream.sauces.On vegetable broth, a decoction of cereals, with a small amount of low-fat sour cream; with unbaked flour.
It is impossible: mayonnaise, ketchup, meat, fish, mushroom broths; fatty and spicy dressings.Drinks.Green weak tea without additives; pear, apple and gooseberry compote; from dried fruits; rosehip decoction.
It is impossible: cocoa, coffee, black tea and tea with additives (including with lemon); bright red fruit compotes; citrus drinks; carbonated drinks.fats.Oil - up to 30 g / day; sunflower and olive oil (limited).
The time during which a person should sit on an anti-allergic diet is limited: for adults - 2-3 weeks; for children - 7-10 days. If a skin rash appears after canceling the diet and symptoms of allergy relapse, the product to which the reaction occurred should be excluded.
Table number 9
It is prescribed for metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and allergic diseases. It requires restriction of carbohydrates in the diet, which is why it is mainly prescribed to adults and children with intolerance to lactose, sucrose, etc.
Nutrients:
Proteins: 85-90 g / day (50-60% - animal origin);
Fats: 70-80 g / day (40-45% - vegetable oils);
Carbohydrates - complex only; 300-350 g/day;
Water: 1. 5-2 l/day;
Calorie content: 2200-2400 kcal / day.
Recommended dishes and products:
Flour:bran, protein-bran bread, from flour of the 2nd class; protein-wheat. Unsweetened biscuits and cakes (at the expense of bread).
It is impossible: buns, puff pastries, products with premium flour.Soups:vegetables; borscht and cabbage soup in weak broth; beetroot; weak broths of simple meat and fish; okroshka of vegetables / with meat; soups with meatballs (without fat).
It is impossible: rich, fatty broths; mushroom soups; with beans.Meat:lean beef, veal, lamb, pork (fillet/loin); rabbit, turkey, chicken; boiled tongue; liver (limited). In stewed, boiled, steamed form; you can boiled meat after lightly frying cut and slice.
It is impossible: smoked meat, sausages, fatty meat, duck, goose, stew.Fish:lean varieties steamed, lightly fried, grilled, baked without oil. Canned tomatoes (limit).
It is impossible: fatty varieties, exotic varieties of sea fish; Seafood; semi-finished products, pickles and preserves in oil; caviar.dairy products:low-fat milk (1. 5-2. 5%) or diluted with water for cereals; low-fat fermented milk products (cottage cheese 0-5%; kefir 1%; ryadanka 2. 5%); moderate - sour cream 15%. Unsalted varieties of low-fat cheese (cheese, feta, ricotta).
It is impossible: cream; sweet curds; hard and salty cheeses.Eggs:no more than 1. 5 pcs. /day; cooked (soft-boiled, hard-boiled); steamed protein omelets; reduce yolk consumption.
Cereals:moderately (according to the norm of carbohydrates): millet, pearl barley, buckwheat, barley porridge, oatmeal.
Not allowed: pulses, rice, pasta, semolina.Vegetables:potatoes (XE restriction), eggplant, cucumbers, tomatoes and beets (restricted), carrots, broccoli, zucchini, squash, lettuce, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower, spinach, zucchini, squash. Stewed, boiled, baked dishes; limited - fried.
It is impossible: pickles, canning.Snacks:vinaigrette, vegetable caviar (zucchini), fresh salads, soaked herring, fish aspic, meat, dietary cheeses (except tofu), beef jelly.
It is impossible: smoked meats, fatty snacks, sausages, lard, snacks with liver and mushrooms, pickles, canned goods.Fruits, sweets:fresh fruits and berries (sweet and sour), jellies, masses, sambuca, compotes; sweets with sugar substitute.
Not allowed: chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jam, exotic fruits (banana, figs, dates), raisins and grapes.Sauces, spices:low fat on vegetable, lean meat and fish broths; restriction - tomato sauce, black pepper, mustard, horseradish.
Not allowed: fatty sauces with many spices.Drinks:tea without additives, vegetable and fruit juices (unsweetened), rosehip broth.
Not allowed: sweet drinks, soda, grape and other sweet fruit / berry juices.fats:lean, olive and unsalted butter.
It is impossible: meat and fat for cooking (fried, bacon, etc. ).
In nursing mothers
A hypoallergenic diet for a nursing mother avoids reactions to foods in the newborn and reduces gas formation in the baby. Strictdietary restrictions are important during the first 3 months of a baby's life, because:
Nervous regulation of digestion and peristalsis remains immature (one of the causes of colic in newborns);
the digestive system adapts: previously the child receives nutrients from the mother's blood through the umbilical cord; start the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and the production of gastrointestinal hormones, the active production of bile and pancreatic, duodenal, gastric juice;
the enzymes in the baby's body are produced in limited quantities. Excess nutrients are not absorbed, which also causes colic and bloating;
unformed immunity (up to 6 months). The body's protection is provided by immunoglobulins from mother's milk.
When making up the diet of lactating women, it is important that it has enough calories. Daily energy consumption due to lactation increases by 500 kcal.
Due to the growing adaptive capabilities of the child's organism, the hepatitis B diet should be as strict as possible during the first 1-2 weeks of the child's life, with a gradual easing of dietary restrictions and the introduction of a small amount of new ones. products.
1-2 weeks
Completely off (what is impossibleEateven in small doses)
cocoa and chocolate;
coffee, strong tea;
legumes;
fatty meat, rich broths;
oily and marine fish;
fruits;
White Cabbage;
milk;
eggs;
muffins and pastries made from premium flour;
honey;
nuts.
Available in limited quantities:
Class 1 flour crackers, bran flour;
lean varieties of fish;
liver (except poultry);
lean beef, chicken;
corn, buckwheat;
butter and olive oil;
green baked apples;
potatoes;
sugar;
tea.
The basis of the diet is (sparinghypoallergenicfood):
Low-fat dairy products;
lean meat: rabbit, turkey; lean meat broths;
vegetables and their broths: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts; broccoli; squash, zucchini, zucchini; spinach; some onions and carrots;
cereals: rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat, oatmeal; moderately - corn, semolina;
fermented milk products: cottage cheese 5-9%; sour cream 15%; kefir, fermented baked milk, dietary cheeses (ricotta, feta, unsalted cheese);
herbal teas (including breastfeeding teas: anise, fennel, fennel, chamomile), rosehip decoction, weak green tea without additives;
desserts: crackers from 1st grade flour or bran; dry bread with bran (you can - a sandwich with a thin layer of butter no more than 1 piece / day), biscuit biscuits (with bran, from first-class flour - limited);
2-3 weeks - 1. 5 months
Completely exclude highly allergenic foods as in the first 14 days, except for:
Milk.Use diluted milk no more than 1-2 times a week to prepare cereals. If a rash appears on the baby's skin, milk is excluded from the nursing mother's diet.
eggs.In boiled form, no more than 1 piece / week; in the absence of a reaction in the baby - bring to 1 piece / day, limit the protein.
Gradually introduce into the diet:
Fruits and vegetables characteristic of the yellow and red regions:pumpkin, yellow apples (starting with 1/4 apple per day in baked form), banana (from 1/4 per day); increasing potatoes in the diet; beets (boiled with 1 tablespoon grated); tomato (start by adding tomato puree (1/2 package for 4 servings) or stewed vegetables (no more than 1/2 medium tomato at a time)); new vegetables are always introduced in roasted / boiled form.
Different types of meat:beef, veal, pork, chicken (low-fat parts - meatball, fillet, etc. ). Increasing intake of liver, gradual introduction of chicken liver.
Increase your intake of lean fish.
The diet is always tailored to the child. If the baby has a rash when a new product is included, it is immediately removed from the woman's diet.
Up to 3 months, the nervous system of the intestine is not yet formed, so you cannot eat food that promotes gas formation and is difficult to digest:
fatty meat, strong broths, bacon;
legumes;
heavy fruits and fruits rich in fiber and sugar: cherries, grapes, pears.
3-6 months
The main stage of adaptation is completed. Now in a woman's diet you can gradually include all foods, except for:
Cocoa, chocolate, coffee;
semi-finished products, sausages and smoked meats;
sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup);
honey, nuts;
citrus and strawberries.
The rest of the products are introduced gradually, observing the reaction of the baby (appearance of colic, rashes). It is recommended to include soups with legumes in the diet from 4-5 months of the child's life, starting with 1/4 portion at a time.
1 new baby tracking product is introduced in one day. Therefore, borscht and other complex dishes should be eaten after the baby is used to all the ingredients (beets, tomatoes, cabbage, etc. ).
6-12 months
After 6 months, additional foods are introduced to children, so you can not adhere to dietary restrictions (except for the above hyperallergens).
Complementary foods start with cereals (buckwheat, rice, wheat), giving 1 teaspoon as the first portion. Porridges are cooked in breast milk and water, without the addition of fat and spices. For the first meal, it is allowed to give home-made fermented milk drinks from low-fat (2. 5%) milk: kefir, yogurt without additives and sugar. The child is given only fresh food (1-2 days after preparation).
They begin to introduce additional foods at noon (12. 00), breastfeed the baby. For a week, the child should adapt to a portion of food that replaces complementary foods. After that, the previously introduced product is given in the morning (8. 00-9. 00), and new products are introduced at noon.